In time, vos lost currency in Spain but survived in a number of areas in Spanish-speaking America: Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia (east), Uruguay, El Salvador, Honduras, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Nicaragua, and some smaller areas it is not found, or found only in internally remote areas (such as Chiapas) in the countries historically best connected with Spain: Mexico, Panama, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Venezuela, Colombia, Perú, and Equatorial Guinea. This was the situation when the Spanish language was brought to the Río de la Plata area (around Buenos Aires and Montevideo) and to Chile. Today, both vos and tú are considered to be informal pronouns, with vos being somewhat synonymous with tú in regions where both are used. Other formal forms of address included vuestra excelencia ("your excellence", contracted phonetically to ussencia) and vuestra señoría ("your lordship/ladyship", contracted to ussía). Because of the literal meaning of these forms, they were accompanied by the corresponding third-person verb forms. The standard formal way to address a person one was not on familiar terms with was to address such a person as vuestra merced ("your grace", originally abbreviated as v.m.) in the singular and vuestras mercedes in the plural. Raymundo del Pueyo, A New Spanish Grammar, or the Elements of the Spanish Language O Dios, sois vos mi Padre verdadéro, O God, thou art my true Father Tú eres un buen amígo, Thou art a good friend. We seldom make use in Spanish of the second Person Singular or Plural, but when through a great familiarity among friends, or speaking to God, or a wife and husband to themselves, or a father and mother to their children, or to servants. The following extract from a textbook is illustrative of usage at the time: ![]() ![]() Vos, the second-person plural inherited from Latin, came to be used in this manner.Īlready by the late 18th century, however, vos itself was restricted to politeness among one's familiar friends. ![]() Plural pronouns were often used in reference to a person of respect so as to aggrandize them. Starting in the early middle ages, however, languages such as French and Spanish began to attach honorary significance to these pronouns beyond literal number. JSTOR ( February 2019) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Ĭlassical Latin, and the Vulgar Latin from which Romance languages such as Spanish are descended, had only two second-person pronouns – the singular tu and the plural vos.Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This article needs additional citations for verification. In the Dominican Republic, in some rural areas voseo is still used. Nevertheless, in recent years it has become more accepted across the Spanish-speaking world as a valid part of regional dialects. Voseo is seldom taught to students of Spanish as a second language, and its precise usage varies across different regions. It is also present in Ladino (spoken by Sephardic Jews throughout Israel, Turkey, the Balkans, Morocco, Latin America and the United States), where it replaces usted. In Peru, voseo is present in some Andean regions and Cajamarca, but the younger generations have ceased to use it. Vos is present in other countries as a regionalism, for instance in the Maracucho Spanish of Zulia State, Venezuela (see Venezuelan Spanish), in the Azuero peninsula of Panama, in various departments in Colombia, and in parts of Ecuador ( Sierra down to Esmeraldas). In Argentina, particularly since the last years of the 20th century, it is very common to see billboards and other advertising media using voseo. ![]() In the dialect of Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay (known as ' Rioplatense Spanish'), vos is also the standard form of use, even in mainstream media. Vos had been traditionally used even in formal writing in Argentina, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Paraguay, the Philippines and Uruguay. Vos is used extensively as the second-person singular in Rioplatense Spanish ( Argentina and Uruguay), Eastern Bolivia, Paraguayan Spanish, and Central American Spanish ( El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, southern parts of Chiapas and some parts of Oaxaca in Mexico). In all regions with voseo, the corresponding unstressed object pronoun is te and the corresponding possessive is tu / tuyo. Voseo can also be found in the context of using verb conjugations for vos with tú as the subject pronoun ( verbal voseo), as in the case of Chilean Spanish, where this form coexists with the ordinary form of voseo. the use of the pronoun tú and its verbal forms. In Spanish grammar, voseo ( Spanish pronunciation: ) is the use of vos as a second-person singular pronoun, along with its associated verbal forms, in certain regions where the language is spoken.
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